Distribution and climate: Tropical Rainforest can be found in South Asia like Malaysia and Indonesia. It is at 10degee North and South of the equator. It has high temperature about 27degree, and high rainfall above 1500mm.

Structure: It has 5 layers, emergent layer, canopy layer, understorey layer, shrub layer and undergrowth layer. First, the trees of emergent layer are tall(30m to 50m), have thick and straight trunks. Crown appear above canopy layer. Second, the trees of canopy layer have wide, shallow and umbrella-shaped crown. It form continuous canopy as it prevent sunlight reaching the lower layer. It's height is at about 15m to 30m. Third, the trees of understorey layer have narrower and over-shaped crown. It grow where gaps in the canopy that allow sunlight to pass through. Young emergent and canopy are found on this layer. It's height is at about 6m to 15m. Forth, tree sapling and woody plants are found on shrub layer. It can grow up 6m. Lastly, grasses, ferns, mosses and fungi can be found on the the undergrowth layer as its grow on decomposing fallen logs. Plant growth is sparse because of very little sunlight(1%). Leaves on the floor are leaf litter. Due to high temperature and rainfall, it decomposes quickly and form a layer of humus. It is rich in nutrients and support the abundant of vegetation in the rainforest. Epiphytes are grow on tree branch to get more sunlight however it is not harmful. It grow on tree for physical support. Rainforest and decaying leaves that collect at the joint of branches. Liana are thick woody vines that wind around tree trunks to reach for sunlight. It may grow up to the lengths of 90m. Parasitic plants are found on the canopy and understorey layer. It is harmful to the tree, it strangling fig wraps itself around the host tree. It compete with tree for space, sunlight and nutrients.

Diversity and density: Largest diversity of plant species. One hectare contain more than 750 species of tress and 1500 species of other plants. Example: Keruing and Kapur for furniture making. Extremely dense.

Leaves: They are evergreen. Leaves are large and broad to maximize the surface are for photosynthesis. The surface of the leaf are waxy, with drip-tip to allow rainwater to drain off
easily, thus preventing the growth of harmful bacteria.

Flowers and fruits: Produce fruit throughout the year. But still, air below canopy layer does not allow pollination to be carried by wind. Thus, flowers are colourful and sweet smelling to attract insects and animals for seed dispersal.

Bark and branches: Thin smooth barks because no need for protection for against dry and cold condition. Because very little sunlight pass through canopy layer, trees have branches only on the top of 1/3 portion of the trunks.

Roots: Humus are formed from decomposition of the leaf litter is found in the topsoil thus roots are shallow and spread widely. Buttress roots to support the great weight of the tree.

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Only one forest then have so many things to memorize. Sigh* Still got three more forests.